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The fourth pattern includes abnormalities that result in decreased lung attenuation or air-filled lesions.
These include:
- Emphysema
-
result in decreased lung ... These include: - Emphysema ... - Lung cysts (LAM ... Radiology #Pulmonary #CTChest ... #SignetRing #RadiologyAssistant
Upper lung zone preference is seen in:
- Inhaled particles: pneumoconiosis (silica or coal)
- Smoking related diseases
Upper lung zone ... (centrilobular emphysema ... #Upper #Lower #RadiologyAssistant
Low Attenuation pattern 
1. Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM): uniform cysts in woman of child-bearing age; no history of
Centrilobular emphysema ... Radiology #HRCT #CTChest ... Comparison #Table #RadiologyAssistant
Differential diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
Nodular LCH:
- Sarcoidosis: perilymphatic distribution.
- Metastases: random distribution.
Cystic LCH:
- LAM: round
Centrilobular emphysema ... Diagnosis #Radiology #CTChest ... Comparison #Table #RadiologyAssistant
Low Attenuation pattern (2) 
1. Centrilobular emphysema: low attenuation areas without walls. Notice the centrilobular artery
Centrilobular emphysema ... Radiology #HRCT #CTChest ... Comparison #Table #RadiologyAssistant
Centrilobular emphysema due to smoking. The periphery of the lung is spared (blue arrows). Centrilobular artery
Centrilobular emphysema ... periphery of the lung ... Clinical #Radiology #CTChest ... Centrilobular #Emphysema ... CentrilobularEmphysema #RadiologyAssistant
On the left three different patients with lung cysts.
From left to right: Lymphangiomyomatosis, LIP and Langerhans
patients with lung ... Diagnosis #Radiology #CTChest ... Histiocytosis #RadiologyAssistant
Cavities frequently arise within a mass or an area of consolidation as a result of necrosis.
We
the surrounding lung ... associated pulmonary emphysema ... Diagnosis #Radiology #CTChest ... #Cavity #Cyst #Emphysema ... #Comparison #RadiologyAssistant
Paraseptal emphysema is localized near fissures and pleura and is frequently associated with bullae formation (area
Paraseptal emphysema ... formation (area of emphysema ... compression of adjacent lung ... Clinical #Radiology #CTChest ... ParaseptalEmphysema #RadiologyAssistant
Radiologists use many terms to describe areas of decreased density or lucencies within the lung, like
lucencies within the lung ... pneumatocele, emphysema ... we describe a chest ... density in the lung ... with a thin wall Emphysema