16 results
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
Osmotic Diuretics (e.g ... Loop Diuretics (e.g ... 4) Thiazides (e.g ... HCTZ) 5) Potassium-sparing ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron
1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol)
3) Loop
Osmotic diuretics (e.g ... Loop diuretic (e.g ... Metolazone) 5) Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (e.g. ... #pharmacology #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
• Hypokalemic periodic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
therapy (MET): e.g ... involvement: eyes, TFT, ECG ... alkalinisation: potassium ... alkalinization: potassium ... Management #Pediatrics #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... shift: Hypokalemic periodic ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Recent IV potassium ... - Hyperkalemia Periodic ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Recent IV potassium ... - Hyperkalemia Periodic ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Differential Diagnosis ECF ... villous adenomas ECF ... Liddle syndrome ECF ... other • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Diuresis in Critical Care - Achieving a Negative Fluid Balance
Advantages Of A Negative Fluid Balance:
 •
in the later (e.g ... ) to normalize Potassium ... Early nephrologv
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
octreotide), hyperK periodic ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K