11 results
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... inhibitors Other causes ... transplant - SLE High ... LMW heparin - ACE-I ... Low Renin - Diabetes
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Drug-induced • High ... Hyperparathyroidism • Diabetic ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... drugs • ACE ... endocrinology #causes
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Aldosterone) - Diabetic ... Aldosterone) - ACE ... Renin, Normal or High ... #Aldosterone #Comparison ... #Table #Causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... Medications 2. ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... Medications 2. ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Hypokalemia ... ACE-Is and ARBs
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... combination with ACE ... Diabetes, diabetic ... Differential #Diagnosis #High
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... #Pharmacology #Medications
Drug Induced Lupus vs SLE
Drug Induced Lupus (DIL):
 • Epidemiology: -10% of all lupus cases, drug-dependent,
thiazidic, PPI, ACE ... Discontinuation of causal ... bDMARDs (rare), Topics ... Usual therapeutic management ... druginduced #lupus #sle #comparison
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... Electrolyte abnormality, Medication ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management