19 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... #Hypokalemia # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... • Cell shift: Hypokalemic ... • Low Urine Cl ... #hypokalemia ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
An acute, life-threatening condition that appears within 7 days of starting cytotoxic therapies in
Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... spontaneously (before any treatments ... malignancies Treatments ... 6L/day) • For hyperkalemia ... #Tumor #Lysis #Syndrome
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... diuresis, Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... excess and related syndromes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome ... distal tubule. ↑ Nacl ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Stabilization Treatments ... Ca-gluconate or 1g CaCl ... Redistribution Treatments ... Elimination Treatments ... #potassium #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... or compartment syndrome ... Treatment of underlying ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Suspicion for Hyperkalemia ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... potassium #high #nephrology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
have fever - ACS ... organ damage • Treatment ... Low calcium • Treatment ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... treatment (no calcium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Suspicion for Hyperkalemia ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... potassium #high #nephrology