30 results
Differential diagnosis for toxic/metabolic encephalopathies - Patterns on Brain Imaging

Cynthia Czawlytko, MD @drcyncity

#Differential #diagnosis #encephalopathies #encephalopathy
Differential diagnosis ... - Patterns on Brain ... encephalopathy #Brain ... imaging #patterns #MRI ... pathology #diseases #radiology
Blurry vision in a patient with HIV/AIDS
Anterior Segment:
 • Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
 • Keratitis (HSV, Staph,
patient with HIV/AIDS ... Cocci*, Toxo*, non-infectious ... • Choroidal infections ... vision #HIVAIDS #InfectiousDiseases ... Anterior #Posterior #Differential
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Compatible syndrome + MRI ... multiple lesions Infectious ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes #radiology
AIDS-defining illnesses
 - Candidiasis of the esophagus, bronchi, trachea, or lungs [(but NOT the mouth (thrush)]
AIDS-defining illnesses ... Lymphoma, primary, of brain ... Toxoplasmosis of brain ... Illnesses #HIV #InfectiousDiseases ... Diagnosis #List #Differential
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... Imaging: - MRI ... #differential # ... diagnosis #AIDS ... opportunistic #InfectiousDiseases
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
early stages of infection ... similar to PML, but MRI ... Diagnosis: MRI ... Findings: • Rule out infectious ... disorder #dementia #AIDS
Radiographic appearances of pulmonary diseases in HIV/AIDS Patients
 • Diffuse Interstitial Infiltrates: Pneumocystis jirovecii, M.tuberculosis, Histoplasma
diseases in HIV/AIDS ... Pulmonary edema; ARDS ... tuberculosis Infectious ... pulmonary #diseases #differential ... diagnosis #chestCT #radiology
Imaging Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disorders

Thalami, Mammillary Bodies and Tectum: Wernicke Encephalopathy
Dentate Nuclei: Metronidazole,
and Metabolic Brain ... Pons: ODS #MRI ... Toxicology #Metabolic #Brain ... Disorders #Clinical #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Radiology
Causes of Culture Negative Abscess - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Consider prior antibiotics as a cause of a
Negative Abscess - Differential ... negative culture Brain ... Dracunculiasis - Non-Infectious ... Blastomycosis - Non-Infectious ... #Diagnosis #InfectiousDiseases
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... nervous system: Brain ... : Brain abscess ... EMG) studies • MRI ... #Weakness #Differential