18 results
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
CNS Ring-Enhancing ... granulomatosis: • EBV-associated ... disease • 30% present ... Lesions #Brain #differential ... causes #radiology #neurology
This image shows acellular scanning EM with a fibrocellular crescent with entrapped RBCs. The glomerulus is
acellular scanning EM ... fibrocellular crescent ... fibrocellular #crescent ... #RBCs #ElectronMicroscopy ... SEM #clinical #nephrology
Spectrum of Glomerular Diseases
Nephrotic - Mechanism:
 • Injury to podocytes
 • Changed architecture: Scanning. Deposition of
• Breaks in GBM ... • Crescent formation ... Glomerular #Diseases #differential ... spectrum #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... UOsm > 300 - ADH Present ... Pulmonary Diseases, CNS ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
This image shows acellular scanning EM with empty lacunar spaces of a fibrocellular crescent previously occupied
acellular scanning EM ... fibrocellular crescent ... fibrocellular #crescent ... #ElectronMicroscopy ... SEM #clinical #nephrology
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) 
 - Loss of kidney function over a short period of tirne
proteinuria) - Crescent ... Basement Membrane (GBM ... Linear, ribbon-like GBM ... Classification #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... infections are present ... effect/Edema • EBV ... #Infections #differential ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Proteinuria - Differential ... 150mg/d protein present ... proliferative • Anti-GBM ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
coagulopathy) • CBC w differential ... antibody, Anti-GBM ... DAN) • EMG/NCS ... glomeruli, & cellular crescents ... Renal #Syndromes #differential
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... pulmonary etc) • CNS ... Coxsackie, HIV, CMV, EBV ... #Weakness #Differential ... #Diagnosis #neurology