11 results
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
syndrome—due to GBM ... hematuria. ... Nephrotic #Syndromes #Classification ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... glomerular bleeding (proteinuria ... → Refer to Nephrology ... and referral to Urology ... #Workup #urology
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
and Differential Diagnosis ... of Macroscopic Hematuria ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... , proteinuria suggest ... #EM #IM #Urology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Diagnosis Framework ... → Diagnostic of ... Brown urine - Proteinuria ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) 
 - Loss of kidney function over a short period of tirne
glomerular disease (hematuria ... , proteinuria) ... Glomerulonephritis #RPGN #Classification ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
overt glomerular proteinuria ... Cytomegalovirus; GBM ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... Hematuria may be ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Chorioretinitis • Diagnosis ... toxo IgG • CNS PCR ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #radiology ... #neurology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
- Differential Diagnosis ... virus • CMV • EBV ... Photophobia • Nausea ... , photophobia, nausea ... #neurology #meningitis
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... cells per μL • Diagnosis ... Demyelinating disease caused ... effect/Edema • EBV ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... multiplex • Hematuria ... , proteinuria, rapidly ... tract, and often causes ... #rheumatology #classification