9 results
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
and Differential Diagnosis ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... , proteinuria suggest ... intrinsic renal ... #EM #IM #Urology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Diagnosis Framework ... Brown urine - Proteinuria ... Causes of Hematuria ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... glomerular bleeding (proteinuria ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... #Workup #urology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Chorioretinitis • Diagnosis ... PCR 50% sensitive ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #radiology ... #neurology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
: (AKI, proteinuria ... , hematuria) • ... recent DAN) • EMG/NCS ... Goodpasture's cause ... grade proteinuria
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts ... , +/- proteinuria ... immune deposits on EM ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology ... #diagnosis #renal
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... cells per μL • Diagnosis ... Demyelinating disease caused ... effect/Edema • EBV ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
CNS Infections - ... - Differential Diagnosis ... virus • CMV • EBV ... Singh @rav7ks #CNS ... #neurology #meningitis
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Mononeuritis multiplex • Hematuria ... , proteinuria, Rapidly ... pulmonary and renal ... tract, and often causes ... chorioretinitis, CNS