10 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
→ Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... and referral to Urology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... Algorithm #Workup #urology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Brown urine - Proteinuria ... Causes of Hematuria ... thrombosis • Renal ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... , proteinuria suggest ... intrinsic renal ... prostatic) #Diagnosis #EM ... #IM #Urology #Hematuria
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... investigations depending on clinical ... cryoglobulins, hepatitis serology ... , HIV serology, ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Staphylococcus-associated GlomeruloNephritis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
CLINICAL
 • Nephritic syndrome (Casts)
 • Marked proteinuria (may be
Management Summary CLINICAL ... Nephritic syndrome (Casts ... ) • Marked proteinuria ... • Often severe renal ... GlomeruloNephritis #nephrology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
virus • CMV • EBV ... • Common clinical ... Symptoms: • Acute ... culture or by serology ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
should be based on clinical ... status, and focal neurologic ... Demyelinating disease caused ... effect/Edema • EBV ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Syndrome - Summary Acute ... Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases ... - HIV, CMV, EBV ... Guillain-Barre Clinical ... management #treatment #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... syndrome, ADEM, Acute ... the underlying cause ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Myasthenia Gravis Overview

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction.  Ab to
Clinical Picture ... Diagnosis - Clinical ... Clinical DX: - ... aspiration and acute ... diagnosis #management #neurology