35 results
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
toxo IgG • CNS PCR ... granulomatosis: • EBV-associated ... splenomegaly Other infections ... multiple lesions Infectious ... causes #radiology #neurology
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) 
 - Loss of kidney function over a short period of tirne
cryoglobulinemia, post-infectious ... GN Anti-Glomerular ... Basement Membrane (GBM ... Linear, ribbon-like GBM ... Differential #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Vasculitis • GN ... : ANCA, Anti-GBM ... AIN: Medication, Infection ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
Toxoplasma gondii PCR ... • JC-virus PCR ... effect/Edema • EBV ... Enhancement • PCR ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Triggering factor (infection ... +++: Virus (EBV, ... biologics (CMV +++, EBV ... Etoposide/VP16 (100 mg ... Lymphohistiocytosis #diagnosis #management
Hyponatremia Correction
1. Indications for Hypertonic Saline: seizure, coma, focal findings
   - typically occurs with
Dextrose in water @ 3cc ... MH/CCF/CWRU EM ... Correction #goal #rate #management ... #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Membranoproliferative GN ... proliferative • Anti-GBM ... HSP • Post-infectious ... GN - Bland urine ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Stage II Membranous Glomerulonephritis on Electron Microscopy
This eyeSCANdy image shows acellular scanning EM of a glomerulus
acellular scanning EM ... appearance of GBM ... glomerulonephritis #MGN ... SEM #clinical #nephrology ... #pathology
C.diff - Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI) - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

Clinical Presentation + Progression:
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ... Diagnosis and Management ... Acute Diarrhea (>3 BM ... #1 nosocomial infection ... non-toxigenic • Stool PCR
Stage III Glomerulonephritis on Electron Microscopy
This image shows acellular scanning EM from a biopsy with membranous
acellular scanning EM ... more extensive GBM ... glomerulonephritis #MGN ... SEM #clinical #nephrology ... #pathology