28 results
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
- Cushing's syndrome ... - Osmotic diuretic ... , Loop diuretics ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
and Features of Hyponatremia ... Hypervolemic hypernatremia ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... - Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... • Hyponatremia ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Primary #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... case of hypotonic hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Diuresis in Critical Care - Achieving a Negative Fluid Balance
Advantages Of A Negative Fluid Balance:
 •
Diuresis in Critical ... , address diuretic ... , & to correct hyponatremia ... contraction metabolic alkalosis ... Early nephrologv
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... aldosteronism #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... , Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... excess and related syndromes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology