16 results
Monoclonal Gammopathy Testing
Strengths, Weaknesses and Accuracy Compared
 - SPEP 
 - IFE 
 - FLC
Monoclonal Gammopathy Testing ... Monoclonal #Gammopathy #Testing ... #Protein #Diagnosis ... SPEP #IFE #FLC #Nephrology ... #Laboratory #Comparison
Comparison of Causes of Salt-Wasting in Infancy
 - PHA 1
 - PHA 3
 - 21-OH CAH
Comparison of Causes ... of Salt-Wasting ... #Infancy #Comparison ... #differential #diagnosis ... #pediatrics #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Decreased Intake: - Fasting ... hypomagnesemia), Eating ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... Hyperreflexia #Testing ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #neurology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... Before evaluating hypokalemia ... differentiating kidney K wasting ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Hypovolemia ... Cerebral salt wasting ... syndrome Hypovolemia ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Cerebral Salt Wasting ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #nephrology #hyponatremia ... #comparison
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Cerebral salt wasting ... Hyponatremia #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) - Subdural, Epidural, Subarachnoid Comparison

Subdural hematoma 
• Crescent-shaped 
• Blood collection between dura
, Subarachnoid Comparison ... and skull • Tearing ... #Subarachnoid #Comparison ... #Neurology #Diagnosis
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
 • Onset: Sudden
 • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
continuous and lasting ... upbeat (fast phase beating ... Central #Vertigo #diagnosis ... signs #symptoms #comparison ... #neurology