23 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome ... Primary #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome ... aldosteronism #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Pathophysiology ... distal tubule. ↑ Nacl ... Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis ... #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... responsive metabolic alkalosis ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... release • ↓ Cl ... #cardiorenal #syndrome ... #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... have fever - ACS ... organ damage • Treatment ... : • Pathophysiology ... Low calcium • Treatment
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
↑ ↑ Metabolic alkalosis ... Acidosis ↑ ↓ Resp Alkalosis ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... complete paralysis of all ... Treatment: • Plasmapheresis ... diagnosis #management #treatment ... #neurology
Pisa Syndrome (pleurothotonus) on Physical Exam
A tonic flexion of the trunk of the body to one
Pisa Syndrome (pleurothotonus ... Pathophysiology: ... Treatment: anticholinergics ... FatimahDandan #Pisa #Syndrome ... PhysicalExam #clinical #neurology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... disequilibrium syndrome ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology