17 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... • High Urine Cl ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... syndrome #Primary #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... • High Urine Cl ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... aldosteronism #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Excessive vomiting - Metabolic ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... gas transport, renal ... increase may cause metabolic ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
(AG) = {Na - (Cl ... salicylates) R Renal ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... acidosis/Chronic renal ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• NSAIDs • ACE ... Beta blockers • Antibiotics ... infusions) - Metabolic ... deficiency • Renal ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• NSAIDs • ACE ... Beta blockers • Antibiotics ... infusions) - Metabolic ... deficiency • Renal ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Renal acidosis ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Effects of Prostaglandins and NSAIDs on the Kidney
Effects of Prostaglandins on the Kidney:
 • The vasodilatory
importance in renal ... production of renal ... hormones that act ... NSAIDs #Kidney #renal ... #nephrology #pharmacology
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues.  This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
inevitably leads to Metabolic ... Metabolic Acidosis ... which reduces renal ... showing reduced renal ... diagnosis #treatment #pharmacology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... resistance • Metabolic ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #