14 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... Low intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... potassium #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... , Liddle's Syndrome ... #Hypokalemia # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Allopurinol and its active metabolite inhibit xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that converts hypoxanthine to xanthine and
and its active metabolite ... xanthine to uric acid ... #pharmacology #overview ... druginformation #nephrology ... #sideeffects #medications
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... , Pyroglutamic acid ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... Acid loads (ammonium ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... and potassium acid ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... distal tubule. ↑ Nacl ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... infusions) - Metabolic ... potassium #high #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Side Effects of Atypical and Typical Antipsychotics - Comparison Table
Atypical antipsychotics: Risperidone, Quetiapine, Olanzapine, Amisulpride, Ziprasidone
are common to all ... , weight gain, metabolic ... syndrome, increased ... Antipsychotics #SideEffects ... Table #Psychiatry #Pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... infusions) - Metabolic ... potassium #high #nephrology