18 results
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
similar to PML, but MRI ... Diagnosis: MRI ... Treatment: • HAART ... treatment • Cognitive ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
/ AIDS - Differential ... Antimicrobial treatment ... Imaging: - MRI ... parietal - Size lesions ... CNS #Infections #differential
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
demyelinating lesions ... resonance imaging [MRI ... ] T2 lesions) McDonald ... • Acute: - IV ... #treatment #MS
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
diagnosis and treatment ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI ... lesions and clinical ... BEE #Syndromes #neurology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... parainfluenza, Coxsackie, HIV ... EMG) studies • MRI ... #Weakness #Differential ... #Diagnosis #neurology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
compressive cord lesion ... simplex virus, HIV ... Transverse Myelitis Treatment ... diagnosis #management #neurology ... #differential
Optic Neuritis - Diagnosis and Management
 • Epidemiology: Female (75%), 18-50 years,
caucasian
 • Symptoms: Moderate visual
R-G or B-Y • MRI ... focal, anterior lesions ... Brain: normal / WM lesions ... • IV Methylprednisolone ... - Typical MS-like
Orbital Apex Syndrome secondary to Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO)

This 81 yo male was referred to our
The MRI findings ... receive proper treatment ... initial forehead lesions ... is no mainstay treatment ... #physicalexam #neurology
Causes of Petechial Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Pinpoint areas (less than 2 mm) of hemorrhage, which
Petechial Rash - Differential ... reddish-purple lesions ... ITP - APLS - HIT ... blood test • Serology ... • Abdominal ultrasound
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
constipation Differential ... cord infarct • HIV ... Imaging studies: • MRI ... axial T1 and T2 Treatment ... diagnosis #causes #neurology