21 results
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
clinical findings • Anterior ... > Anterior spinal ... hyperextension -> Upper extremity ... Primarily Upper Extremity ... signs #symptoms #msk
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... L5/S1 with an inferior ... Inspection - lower extremity ... unilateral lower extremity ... or absent lower extremity
Peripheral Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Lower Extremity Edema

Edema occurs when any of the following
Framework for Lower Extremity ... Unilateral Lower Extremity ... Bilateral Lower Extremity ... common iliac artery anteriorly ... #PhysicalExam #
Vertebral Body Abnormalities

A sheet of common (and uncommon) vertebral body findings, because a completely “normal” spine
completely “normal” spine ... Vertebra Hurler Syndrome ... Morquio Syndrome ... Compression Fracture Anterior ... Abnormalities #Radiology #MSK
Normal (Negative) Pivot-Shift Test for ACL Knee Injury

Andrew Dold, MD @dr.dold.md

#Pivot #Shift #PivotShift #test #ACL #Knee
#Pivot #Shift #PivotShift ... clinical #video #PhysicalExam ... Sports #Ortho #anterior ... cruciate #ligament #msk
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Lower Extremity ... • Cauda Equina Syndrome ... compression • Spinal ... - Narrowing of spinal ... sensory #motor #leg #physicalexam
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Patellofemoral pain syndrome ... deficiency etc) • Spinal ... cyanosis - Cool extremity ... diagnosis #lower #extremity ... #msk #physicalexam
Posteromedial Instability on Knee Exam
This is what a knee with posteromedial instability looks like. Notice the
Notice the positive anterior ... Doubled over single ... Instability #Knee #PhysicalExam ... #Injury #MSK #clinical
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
Upper Extremity ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... Anterior Shoulder ... #UpperLimb #Extremity ... sensory #motor #arm #physicalexam
Horner's Syndrome on Physical Exam

A 75yoF was referred in for facial swelling and eyelid changes 1
Horner's Syndrome ... diagnosis of Horner's syndrome ... decompress the spinal ... clinical #video #ophthalmology ... #physicalexam #