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diagnosis differential nephrology causes hypokalemia management potassium algorithm hypomagnesemia low classification high hypomg magnesium rhabdomyolysis table diuresis diuretics drugs encephalopathy
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low intake • poor oral intake Renal loss • Medication • Hypomagnesemia •
Hypokalemia Differential ... Renal loss • Medication ... tubular acidosis • Gitelman's ... syndrome • Bartter's ... Transcellular shift
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... Transcellular shifts
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Renal Loses - Medications ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... - Gitelman ... syndrome -
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial: Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Familial: Bartter syndrome ... and Gitelman syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia - Acquired: Medications ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... excess, Liddle syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #hypokalemia
Medications for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia The goals of acute treatment are to prevent potentially life-threatening cardiac
Medications for ... the Treatment of ... disturbances, shift ... Table 3 summarizes medications ... #Management #Medications
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 Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
associated with hypokalemia ... hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia ... - Shift from extracellular ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... hypomagnesemia #Medications
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Suspicion for Hyperkalemia ... Intracellular Shift ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... Medications 2.
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... cotransporter • Gitelman's ... Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Magnesium #Gitelman
Gitelman Syndrome - Management Treatment includes - Electrolyte replacement - K & Mg, preferably Cl salts
Gitelman Syndrome ... - Management Treatment ... In persistent hypokalemia ... #Syndrome #Management ... #Treatment #nephrology
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