27 results
Kidney stone type, corresponding urine sediment, urinary risk factors, and associated clinical settings.
#Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy
Kidney stone type ... corresponding urine ... sediment, urinary ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology ... #Urinary #Kidney
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... : Hypokalemic periodic ... ↑ Aldosterone: Kidney ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Causes of Hypokalemia ... out, causes of hypokalemia ... (transcellular shift ... all the time (urinary ... Causes #workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
Decreased Serum K, Urine ... pH > 6.0 - Hypokalemic ... Pseudohypoaldosteronism, Urinary ... Tubulointerstitial injury: Urinary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Intracellular Shift ... Primary hyperaldo ... NephTwitter) #Hypokalemia ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... • IV Fluids Shift ... excretion: • Urinary ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... management #potassium #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PRE-Renal AKI:
 • Hypovolemia
 • Congestion
 • Medications
 •
Acute Kidney Injury ... PRE-Renal AKI: • Hypovolemia ... POST-Renal AKI: • Urinary ... #AKI #Acute #Kidney ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary ... alkalosis • Kidney ... Cl- outside the kidneys ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Urinary ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Prerenal:
 • Due to true volume loss or decreased
Acute Kidney Injury ... blood volume • Hypovolemia ... obstruction along the urinary ... Trauma to the urinary ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology