65 results
Kidney stone type, corresponding urine sediment, urinary risk factors, and associated clinical settings.
#Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy
Kidney stone type ... corresponding urine ... sediment, urinary ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology ... #Urinary #Kidney
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... alkalosis • Kidney ... Cl- outside the kidneys ... #Urinary #Chloride ... #nephrology #differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... (late) • High Urine ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... microscopy / urinary ... calcium Optional: urinary ... imaging #Acute #Kidney ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... • Diarrhea A urine ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... anywhere in the urinary ... also be seen if urine ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Water Diuresis (Urine ... 100 mOsm/kg) • Primary ... Relief of prolonged urinary ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
of magnesium = (urine ... serum magnesium x urine ... intake, Gl loss, shift ... cells FEMg >4% = renal ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... = Hyperkalemic Renal ... Pseudohypoaldosteronism, Urinary ... Tubulointerstitial injury: Urinary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology