12 results
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... diabetes Key signs ... hypotension) DKA: Short ... respirations HHS: Longer
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
-> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Positive Hoffmann's sign (finger flexor reflex)

Flexion and adduction of the thumb and flexion of the index
Positive Hoffmann's sign ... (finger flexor ... #Hoffmanns #sign ... #orthopedics #neurology ... #sports
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Exudates • Nerve fiber ... -> Cotton-wool spots ... of VEGF causing fine ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Wartenberg Sign in Ulnar Neuropathy

Abnormal abductor the fifth finger due to ulnar neuropathy ( weakness of
Wartenberg Sign ... abductor the fifth finger ... #Wartenberg #Sign ... #physicalexam #neurology ... #msk #sports #orthopedics
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
conjunctiva) • Bitot's spots ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Periorbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Dacryoadenitis: infection of the lacrimal glands
b. Conjunctivitis: inflammation of the
hordeolums that are no longer ... presentation is no longer ... Periorbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... • Weakness: Starts ... death Miller Fisher ... associated with Miller Fisher ... management #treatment #neurology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
-> Cherry-red spot ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Pupillary Hippus

The pupillary hippus is defined as a continuous oscillation of the pupillary diameter in the
Its pathophysiology ... mediated by the Edinger-Westphal ... clinical #video #neurology ... #ophthalmology