22 results
Characteristic clinical manifestations of Down syndrome 
 
Typical craniofacial appearance 
 • Round face and flat
manifestations of Down syndrome ... • Brushfield spots ... iris (pigmented spots ... #Downs #Syndrome ... PhysicalExam #Features #Signs
CREST Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

CALCINOSIS (BB-sized, hard nodules in fingers)
RAYNAUD'S Phenomenon
ESOPHAGEAL DYSMOTILITY
SCLERODACTYLY (thickening and tightening
CREST Syndrome: ... hard nodules in fingers ... MTPs) #CREST #Syndrome ... #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... diabetes Key signs ... hypotension) DKA: Short ... respirations HHS: Longer
Positive Hoffmann's sign (finger flexor reflex)

Flexion and adduction of the thumb and flexion of the index
Positive Hoffmann's sign ... (finger flexor ... #Hoffmanns #sign ... #orthopedics #neurology ... #sports
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Prader-Willi Syndrome ... =>Prader-Willi Syndrome ... Signs/Symptoms ... fractures • Short ... #genetics #pathophysiology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... • Central Cord Syndrome ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
lesions in the inner ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs
Wartenberg Sign in Ulnar Neuropathy

Abnormal abductor the fifth finger due to ulnar neuropathy ( weakness of
Wartenberg Sign ... abductor the fifth finger ... #Wartenberg #Sign ... #physicalexam #neurology ... #msk #sports #orthopedics
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Guillain-Barre Syndrome ... Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... • Weakness: Starts ... death Miller Fisher ... management #treatment #neurology
NINDS Diagnostic Criteria for Guillain Barre Syndrome 
Features Required for Guillain-Barré Syndrome:
 • Progressive muscle weakness
Guillain Barre Syndrome ... sensory symptoms or signs ... nervous system signs ... except in Miller Fisher ... diagnosis #criteria #neurology