16 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... • Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Cerebral salt wasting ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... diagnosis #sodium #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Cerebral salt wasting ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
Disseminated Gonococcal Infection - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Bacteremic spread of the Gram-negative diplococci Neisseria gonorrhoeae. History
Diagnosis and Management ... the preferred test ... typically part of the workup ... Arthritis-Dermatitis syndrome ... Purulent Arthritis Syndrome
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
can be high or low ... Cerebral Salt Wasting ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia), Low ... table #sodium #nephrology
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Diagnosis and Workup Summary
Use a positive diagnostic strategy with minimal testing.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ... Diagnosis and Workup ... cultures, but test ... /o red flags - Low ... Irritable #Bowel #Syndrome
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
3 questions to work ... demyelination syndrome ... up to 3x in the setting ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... • Serotonin syndrome ... Anticholinergic syndrome ... Sympathomimetic syndrome ... #Workup
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Stiff Person Syndrome ... Stiff Person Syndrome ... of Stiff Person Syndrome ... Stiff Person Syndrome ... in Stiff Person Syndrome
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
Macrophage Activation Syndrome ... Periodic fever syndromes ... hypersensitivity syndromes ... Liver function tests ... Macrophage #Activation #Syndrome