10 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... • Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Cerebral salt wasting ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... diagnosis #sodium #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
syndromes ... - Gitelman syndrome ... - Hungry bones syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Cerebral salt wasting ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
can be high or low ... Cerebral Salt Wasting ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
and Screening Testing ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes ... Causes #Screening #Workup ... #table
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Diagnosis and Workup Summary
Use a positive diagnostic strategy with minimal testing.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ... Diagnosis and Workup ... cultures, but test ... /o red flags - Low ... Irritable #Bowel #Syndrome
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... 3 questions to work ... demyelination syndrome ... up to 3x in the setting ... Treatment #management #nephrology
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Definitions - Stable Angina, Unstable Angina, NSTEMI, STEMI
1 STABLE ANGINA - Angina
Acute Coronary Syndrome ... demand in the setting ... adequate blood flow ... pain occurs at rest ... GrepMed Recommended Text
Posterior Knee Dislocation Injury
Specifically, POSTERIOR KNEE DISLOCATIONS can have significant associated injury that needs unique approach
Neurologic deficit ... nerve injury (25%) TEST ... Compartment syndrome ... ligament/meniscus testing ... consider compartment syndrome