22 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Achilles Tendon Rupture - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • The Achilles tendon is 15cm long in
pre-determined etiology Signs ... TendonRupture #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... pathophysiology #msk ... #orthopedics
Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: Pathogenesis, clinical, and radiographic findings

Trauma, Fall on, outstretched arm, Overhead throwing => Abduction
of the shoulder joint ... ligaments and joint ... #Dislocation #Diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics
Posterior Elbow Dislocation
The elbow is the second most commonly dislocated major joint in adults and the
can't make A-OK sign ... Splint: Posterior long ... Dislocation #Posterior #Radiology ... #XRay #Diagnosis ... #Sports #MSK
STEMI Equivalents on ECG
 • Conventional STEMI - Elevation of ST segment at (or 40-60 ms
segment at (or 40-60 ms ... V2 • Wellens sign ... pain • Wellens sign ... #Equivalents #ECG ... #EKG #diagnosis
Galeazzi Fracture 
Fracture of distal radial shaft with distal radial-ulnar joint disruption. Remember “MUGR” to recall
will be obvious; signs ... Radial #Distal #Radiology ... #XRay #Diagnosis ... #Management #Orthopedics ... #MSK
Supracondylar Elbow Fracture
• Most common elbow fracture in children, peak age 5-7 
• When looking at
anterior sail sign ... can't make A-OK sign ... Elbow #Humerus #Radiology ... #XRay #Diagnosis ... #MSK
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Typical symptoms ... More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... acute HF → no signs
RADIAL HEAD FRACTURE 
Radial head fractures are the most common elbow fracture in adults and are
anterior sail sign ... distal radioulnar joint ... Fracture #Elbow #Radiology ... #XRay #Diagnosis ... #MSK
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Chondrodysplasia Neurologic ... • Sacroiliac Joint ... pathophysiology #causes #symptoms ... #signs #diagnosis ... #msk