31 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... tenderness • Positive ... — scotty dog sign ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... pathophysiology #signs
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Fraction (HFrEF) Clinical ... More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... → no signs of CXR
Hoffman's sign. Even in this specific case, accompanied by a clonus outline (rhythmic contractions). The median
Hoffman's sign. ... this specific case ... #Hoffmanns #Sign ... #Reflex #Positive ... #Abnormal #clinical
Pleural effusion is not always visible as a meniscus in the costophrenic angle. 
A subpulmonic effusion
In these cases, ... a patient with signs ... there is a high position ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Pleural
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Bacterial Meningitis - Differential ... • Common clinical ... Acute meningeal signs ... • Gram stain: Positive ... 90% • Culture: Positive
Rare Causes of Abdominal Pain
 • Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema - Recurrent visceral that may by swelling
Rare Causes of Abdominal ... Carnett's sign ... incisional hernias: clinical ... radicular pain #Rare #Causes ... Abdominal #Pain #differential
Cannon A waves during AVNRT on Physical Exam
In AVNRT, the atria and ventricles contract nearly simultaneously
to diagnose the case ... excludes other differentials ... that’s called “clinical ... ’s called Frog sign ... Cardiology #Neck #Frog #Sign
Gout (Gouty Arthritis) - MSK Radiology
Imaging Findings:
 • Eccentric soft-tissue densities surrounding the third proximal interphalangeal
Gouty Arthritis) - MSK ... mass and NO prior signs ... - **MSK rads ... Differential diagnosis ... Tendon Sheath - Nodular
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Pain • Valgus position ... pathophysiology #causes ... #symptoms #signs ... #diagnosis #msk
Summary table of common benign breast diseases and how to manage them. 
Fibroadenoma:
 • Most common
terminal duct lobular ... breast e.g. biopsy, car ... bruising/erythema/sign ... mastitis • Usually caused ... diseases #benign #differential