47 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... tenderness • Positive ... Stork test) • XR ... vertebrae • CT - collar ... MSK #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Stage I - Redistribution
In a normal chest film with the patient standing erect, the pulmonary vessels
non-perfused vessels and causes ... In daily clinical ... during a period of CHF ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Cephalization
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
Risk factors: Critical ... without other cause ... : Age>60, CKD, CHF ... heart failure, positive ... fluid balance, and CXR
Pleural effusion is not always visible as a meniscus in the costophrenic angle. 
A subpulmonic effusion
In these cases, ... a patient with signs ... there is a high position ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Pleural
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Bacterial Meningitis - Differential ... • Common clinical ... Acute meningeal signs ... • Gram stain: Positive ... 90% • Culture: Positive
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Fraction (HFrEF) Clinical ... More Specific Signs ... venous pressure, positive ... Less Specific Signs ... → no signs of CXR
Rare Causes of Abdominal Pain
 • Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema - Recurrent visceral that may by swelling
knee-to-chest position ... Carnett's sign ... incisional hernias: clinical ... radicular pain #Rare #Causes ... Abdominal #Pain #differential
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
changes and may cause ... severe clinical ... decompensation (CHF ... Syndrome #Nutrition #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... tissue damage - CXR
Summary table of common benign breast diseases and how to manage them. 
Fibroadenoma:
 • Most common
terminal duct lobular ... breast e.g. biopsy, car ... bruising/erythema/sign ... mastitis • Usually caused ... diseases #benign #differential