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management differential algorithm causes hyponatremia signs symptoms treatment gitelman pathophysiology syndromes physicalexam spinalcord table acronym acute anticoagulation bartter befast behcet
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome • Urine Chloride • Urine Ca/Cr ratio Dr. Krithika
from Bartter syndrome ... Chloride • Urine Ca ... #Gitelman #syndrome ... Bartter #Algorithm #nephrology ... #hypokalemia #diagnosis
Effects of Strokes by Location - Anterior vs Posterior Localization Anterior Circulation - MCA -
#CVA #Territory ... #Symptoms #Signs ... Localization #Effects #Neurology ... #Diagnosis #Table ... Review in Clinical Neurology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
associated with hypokalemia ... overdose) - Sodium ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #Causes
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Hyponatremia #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
BE-FAST Mnemonic for Stroke Recognition Signs B - Balance: Loss of balance or coordination. E - Eyes: Double,
Stroke Recognition Signs ... Ask to smile. ... Stroke #Screening #Diagnosis ... #Neurology #Mnemonic ... #Acronym #CVA
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Inherited (AR) hypokalemic ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics ... #neurology
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
Other brainstem syndromes ... complications (AQP4-positive ... Manifestations #diagnosis ... #neurology #symptoms ... #signs
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