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diagnosis infections management cardiology endocarditis abscess bronchiectasis causes cd4 cns contusion ctchest emergencies evaluation fungal hemeonc hivaids mycoses neurology oncologic
Pulmonary Infections in HIV-AIDS Bacterial: • No organism identified, Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S.aureus, Streptococcus Grp
in HIV-AIDS Bacterial ... failure, COPD, Lung ... Evaluation: Imaging (CXR ... +/- High res CT ... diagnosis #evaluation #differential
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary Lung Abscess Etiology: • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
Blood cultures • CXR ... early disease) • CXR ... seen • Chest CT ... #Abscess #pulmonary ... #differential #
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework Disease by CD4 Count: Any CD4 Count: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
in HIV - Differential ... • CT: Halo sign ... #AIDS #pulmonary ... #differential # ... diagnosis #infectiousdiseases
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections: •
/ AIDS - Differential ... Antimicrobial treatment ... enhancement on CT ... and <25% culture positive ... opportunistic #InfectiousDiseases
Bronchiectasis - Summary What? • Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
in the adjacent lung ... high-resolution chest CT ... , CCP, ANCA • HIV ... mycobacteria Treatment ... #differential #
Mycoses HISTOPLASMOSIS • Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body • Bird
yeast • At risk: AIDS ... Inhalation of spores ... change in the lungs ... infection have positive ... ) #Mycoses #InfectiousDiseases
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework Who? Infectious: • Pre-existing valvular disease • Prosthetic valve • Congenital heart disease • IV
, verrucous) - Lung ... Cerebral > Splenic, Pulmonary ... nodes • Roth’s spots ... hematuria, + RF Treatment ... #infectiousdiseases
Endocarditis Summary Who? Infectious: • Pre-existing valvular disease • Prosthetic valve • Congenital heart disease • IV substance use • IV catheter • Recent
verrucous) • Lung ... Blood cultures are positive ... Cerebral > Splenic, pulmonary ... nodes • Roth’s spots ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies Neutropenic fever: - Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
vancomycin (if SSTI or port ... suspected) - CT ... chest; CT abdomen ... interventional radiology ... renal failure, pulmonary
Authors: Mark M. Ramzy, DO, EMT-P (@MarkRamzyDO, EM Resident Physician, Drexel University, Department of Emergency Medicine)
Pertinent positives ... a chest x-ray (CXR ... not seen on a CXR ... #Radiology #CTChest ... #Lung #Pulmonary
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