26 results
Bilateral tonic pupils observed in the patient with Ross syndrome. 
Absence of bilateral pupillary contraction despite
Bilateral tonic ... Absence of bilateral ... ross #syndrome #bilateral ... #reflex #neurology ... #absent
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
Compression/injury of Lateral ... Following must be absent ... gait, strength, reflexes ... on palpation of lateral ... pathophysiology #differential
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... so-called ‘red flag’ symptoms ... Sciatica: often bilateral ... Examination - bilateral ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Dysphagia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Structural
 • Tumors
 • Zenker's Diverticulum
 • Foreign Bodv
Neuromuscular Toxic/Metabolic
 • Myasthenia
Dysphagia Differential ... • Amvotrophic Lateral ... Intermittent Symptoms ... • Reflux Stricture ... #Dysphagia #Differential
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
of the cell -> Bilateral ... Retinoblastoma Signs / Symptoms ... • Leukocoria (absent ... partial retinal red reflex ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Spinal Cord Injury by Nerve Root Levels
Spinal Root	Sensory	Motor	Reflex
C4	Acromioclavicular Joint	Respiration	None
C5	Radial Antecubital Fossa	Elbow Flexion	Biceps Reflex
C6	Dorsal Thumb	Wrist Extension	Brachioradialis Reflex
C7	Dorsal
Sensory Motor Reflex ... Flexion Biceps Reflex ... S1 Lateral Calcaneus ... NerveRoots #Levels #differential ... #diagnosis #Neurology
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
photophobia - Bilateral ... headache: - Bilateral ... - Autonomic symptoms ... glaucoma - Ocular ... ophthalmology #Neurology
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
unresponsiveness; the absence ... consciousness Differential ... dysfunction to the bilateral ... • Vestibulo-ocular ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
Strabismus - Ocular Misalignment - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Phoria:
 • Latent deviation
 • Symmetrical corneal light reflex,
Strabismus - Ocular ... Misalignment - Differential ... corneal light reflex ... Exophoria (eye moves lateral ... contralateral eye deviates lateral
Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism - Symptoms and Signs
Hypothyroidism:
 - General - From asymptomatic to myxedema coma, “Like
Hyperthyroidism - Symptoms ... • Thinning of lateral ... • Tendon Reflex ... ophthalmopathy ocular ... #Hyperthyroid #Symptoms