23 results
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
Encephalopathy ... Diagnosis: MRI ... The clinical syndrome ... disorder #dementia #AIDS ... #Neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
/ AIDS - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Imaging: - MRI ... encephalopathy ... #AIDS #opportunistic
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Summary Acute AIDP ... Campylobacter jejuni - HIV ... Paresthesias: Hands ... axonal form • MRI ... #treatment #neurology
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome
What?
 • Unilateral orbital/retrobulbar pain
 • Paresis of the cranial nerves Ill, IV, VI
 •
cranial nerves Ill, IV ... Involvement of V1, V2 and ... fissure or orbit (MRI ... #TolosaHunt #neurology ... #diagnosis
Acute Retroviral Syndrome
Acute Retroviral Syndrome is the symptomatic presentation of acute human immunodeficiency virus infection

 •
Fever (75%) • Encephalopathy ... Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea ... antibody and HIV ... -1 and HIV-2 • ... #HIV #diagnosis
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
important, as early diagnosis ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI ... #neurology #noninflammatory ... #differential #diagnosis
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... history of cancer, HIV ... Systemic symptoms and ... • Hypertensive encephalopathy ... #Algorithm #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ... may precede the neurologic ... Vascular narrowing on MRA ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #management #neurology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea ... hormonal therapy, IV ... Bisphosphonate and ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Pneumonia: • 3 syndromes ... of a "flu-like syndrome ... pain, chronic diarrhea ... #AIDS #pulmonary