29 results
Diabetic Ketoacidosis 
Management Priorities
1. Fluids 
2. Insulin 
3. Potassium 
4. Acidosis 
5. Re-establish oral fluids,
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Identification and treatment ... an underlying cause ... #DKA #Diabetic ... #Ketoacidosis #Diabetes
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
Pathophysiology of Diabetic ... Ketoacidosis (DKA ... Insulin is the primary ... Pathophysiology #Diabetic ... #Diabetes #Endocrinology
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA:
1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL
2. Arterial pH <7.3
3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L
4. At least
patients with type 2 diabetes ... have new-onset diabetes ... previously established diabetes ... are Euglycemic Diabetic ... #DKA #EDKA #Insulin
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Increased plasma insulin ... (treatment of diabetic ... ), Primary hyperaldosteronism ... syndrome (mimics loop diuretic ... mimics thiazide diuretic
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Symptoms:
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
•
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... and Management ... Abdominal pain • Nausea ... #Diabetic #Ketoacidosis ... #Endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... lost via osmotic diuresis ... out of cells may cause ... pathophysiology #endocrinology ... #diabetes
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Symptoms:
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
•
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... and Management ... Abdominal pain • Nausea ... #Diabetic #Ketoacidosis ... #Endocrinology
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
Diabetic ketoacidosis ... (DKA) - caused ... Glucosuria causes ... differential #diagnosis #management ... #endocrinology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
of nucleotides Primary ... Hyperparathyroidism • Diabetic ... Cyclosporine • Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
suggests either secondary ... or primary hyperaldosteronism ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... Gitelman's syndrome • Primary