81 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
#Hyponatremia #Hypovolemic ... #Euvolemic #Hypervolemic ... #Pseudohyponatremia
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
285-295 mmol/L - pseudohyponatremia ... > 295 mmol/L - pseudohyponatremia ... HYPOVOLEMIC • ... psychogenic polydipsia HYPERVOLEMIC
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
Pseudohyponatremia ... is divided into hypervolemic ... , hypovolemic, and
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Volume Status Hypervolemic ... SIADH Renal hypovolemic ... nephropathy Extrarenal hypovolemic
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia: • Hypovolemic ... access to H2O • Hypervolemic ... Hypernatremia: • Hypovolemic ... nephrogenic) • Hypervolemic
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
uric acid high in hypovolemic ... and hypervolemic
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Dependent: • Hypovolemic ... • Hypervolemic
Hyponatremia - Correction for Hyperglycemia

#Diagnosis #Pseudohyponatremia #Hyperglycemia #Glucose #Correction #Formula #Sodium #Na
#Diagnosis #Pseudohyponatremia
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic ... Primary polydipsia Hypervolemic
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Volume Status - Hypervolemic ... Hypodipsia - Renal hypovolemic ... - Extrarenal hypovolemic