16 results
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute Thiamine (B1) Deficiency 
Clinical Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 out of 4):
Encephalopathy - Acute Thiamine ... Diagnosis - Caine Criteria ... Encephalopathy #Thiamine ... #diagnosis #criteria ... #neurology
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine ... Diagnosis - Caine Criteria ... - Intravenous thiamine ... development of Korsakoff syndrome ... #Management #neurology
Wernicke's Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine Deficiency

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition due to longstanding
- Thiamine Deficiency ... to longstanding thiamine ... (vitamin B1) deficiency ... #diagnosis #comparison ... #neurology
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Thiamine Deficiency ... Deficiency: • ... - Refeeding syndrome ... production • Deficiency ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
Korsakoff Syndrome
Clinical Findings:
 • Confabulation: Usually initial phase of the disease
 • Anterograde amnesia: Memory impairment
Korsakoff Syndrome ... presentation of Thiamine ... deficiency, consequent ... Therefore, Korsakoff Syndrome ... #neurology #diagnosis
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Hypo-Mg2+ • Vitamin deficiency ... (thiamine) Late ... • Vitamin D deficiency ... arrhythmias • Thiamine ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
major sweating • Thiazide ... -ß hydroxylase deficiency ... -a hydroxylase deficiency ... Severe potassium deficiency ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... gene that encodes thiazide-sensitive ... #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
11beta-hydroxylase deficiency ... 17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency ... Loop diuretics, Thiazide ... diuretics, Mg2+ deficiency ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
limb Gitelman syndrome ... - Thiazide-sensitive ... tubule Liddle syndrome ... or aquaporin-2 deficiency ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology