16 results
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... electrolytes, urea, uric acid ... osmolarity If cause ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low blood ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... • 1ml blood/liter ... renal vein between aorta ... #urology #nephrology ... blood
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Dyspnea - Differential ... - Asthma - COPD ... Water - Pus - Blood ... Hepatopulmonary syndrome ... Deconditioning - Pain
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... broad - Advanced kidney ... disease Red blood ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Differential #
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Management Summary Causes ... UA positive for blood ... nephrotoxicity to kidney ... #treatment #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Steps for Blood ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Hyperventilation (Anxiety, pain ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Agglutinin Syndrome ... younger pts) Differential ... sensitize red blood ... chills, flank pain ... passage of red-brown urine
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential ... continence • Pain ... Causes: 1. ... Blockage of the Blood ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome