6781 results
Pupils: Localization in Coma
 • Small, Reactive pupils: Metabolic coma.
 • Unilateral Fixed, dilated pupil :
Pupils: Localization ... Small, Reactive pupils ... Fixed, dilated pupil ... #Coma #Neurology ... #differential #diagnosis
Argyll Robertson Pupil
Definition:
 - Irregular and small (1-2mm) pupil
 - Light-near dissociation (accommodation remains intact)
 -
Argyll Robertson Pupil ... small (1-2mm) pupil ... Argyll #Robertson #Pupil ... #neurology #diagnosis
Unilateral Fixed Dilated Pupil - Differential Diagnosis Framework
If Altered Mental Status - Consider Oculomotor (3rd cranial
Fixed Dilated Pupil ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Fixed #Dilated #Pupil ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
Adie's Pupil What ... mildly dilated pupil ... females Differential Diagnosis ... causes of tonic pupil ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
Parinaud's syndrome
What?
 • Light-near dissociation (tectal pupils)
 • Convergence retraction nystagmus
 • Eyelid retraction (Collier's sign)
dissociation (tectal pupils ... Parinauds #syndrome #neurology ... #diagnosis
CN III Palsy - Oculomotor Nerve
 • Ptosis: Loss of innervation of the levator palpebrae superior.
oblique • Dilated Pupil ... innervation to pupil ... Nerve #Cranial #neurology ... #diagnosis
Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect

This maneuver of intermittent light stimulus is called the alternating light test or
Marcus Gunn's pupils ... very sensitive diagnostic ... Pupillary #Defect #Neurology ... Clinical #Video #Pupils
VITAMINS Mnemonic for Acute / Subacute Peripheral Polyneuropathy

Vascular
Inflammatory: Amyloidosis, vasculitis (often more subacute/chronic)
Toxins: Nitrous oxide, chemo,
fixed, dilated pupils ... Subacute #Acute #Neurology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Wernicke's Encephalopathy 
CLINICAL TRIAD: only seen in 1/4 pts 
W.E. is often under diagnosed 
1. ENCEPHALOPATHY
is often under diagnosed ... , INO, Unequal Pupils ... dissociation, Nonreactive pupils ... Encephalopathy #diagnosis ... #triad #neurology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... signs, mid-dilated pupil ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #neurology