16 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... hypothyroidism • adrenal ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Overfill (Increased renal ... sodium retention ... • Sepsis • Acute ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Hypothyroidism, Adrenal ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Refeeding Syndrome ... • Acute Respiratory ... Increased Excretion - Renal ... #endocrinology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Disorders • Acute ... (ALL) • Acute ... Drug-induced • High purine ... #endocrinology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use
 • Redistribution/
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... into cells - Acute ... ), Hungry bone syndrome ... • Renal losses ... #causes #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... SCVMCMed #AKI #Acute ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes #algorithm
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Sodium loss (diuretics ... Hypothyroidism, Adrenal ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Na <20: Extra-renal ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology