47 results
Causes of Severe Acute Liver Injury
 - Ichemic hepatitis
 - Acute biliary obstruction
 - Drug-Induced liver
Causes of Severe ... hepatitis - Acute biliary ... Hemochromatosis - Primary ... biliary cholangitis ... Severe #Acute #Causes
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... ducts causes cholestasis ... No extrahepatic biliary ... malignancy #Primary ... #Biliary #Cirrhosis
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology
Environmental Risk Factors: Geographic location, Smoking, Microbial triggers, Xenobiotics, Nail polish
Epigentics Risk
Primary Biliary ... gradual loss of bile ... inflammation and biliary ... Cholestasis #PBC #Primary ... #Biliary #Cirrhosis
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
genes coding for bile ... cholestasis, and some cases ... miscellaneous causes ... external pressure on bile ... #differential #causes
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
Intestine - Other causes ... - Drugs - Primary ... biliary Cholangitis ... PSC - Other biliary ... diseases/Bile duct
Hepatomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Malignant
 • Primary Carcinoma
 • Metastases
 • Lymphoma
 • Leukemia
 • Polycythemia
Malignant • Primary ... Histiocytosis X • Primary ... Cholangitis • Primary ... Biliary Cirrhosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Jaundice - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pre-Hepatic - Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Increased Production
 • Hemolysis
 • Ineffective Erythropoiesis
 • Hematoma
Decreased
on Ultrasound Biliary ... Gallstones • Biliary ... Cholangiocarcinoma • Primary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
disease US — Normal Bile ... US - Dilated Bile ... Ducts • Common Bile ... Duct Stone • Biliary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Rapidly Growing Mycobacterial Infections

 • Mycobacterium abscessus - Is the most pathogenic and the most likely
most likely to cause ... Primarily in patients ... Primary skin and ... Rarely, other site ... It can also cause
Causes of Ascites - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Portal Hypertension - Prehepatic:
 • Portal vein thrombosis
 • Splenic
Causes of Ascites ... liver failure • Primary ... biliary cholangitis ... • Primary sclerosing ... Algorithm #Hepatology #causes