14 results
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Low Magnesium ... , High Magnesium ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... #nephrology #calcium
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Hypomagnesemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Renal ... and Gitelman syndrome ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Gitelman syndrome ... - Hungry bones syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Workup ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Table
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
potassium(K) & magnesium ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
metastasis (hungry bone syndrome ... Endocrine disorders: Syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... Young females Differential ... Diagnosis: • CN ... #Adies #Pupil #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #ophthalmology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Magnesium depletion ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology ... #Differential #