188 results
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
nephrocalcinosis • CPPD ... • Inorganic pyrophosphate ... PPi (inorganic pyrophosphate ... : - respiratory ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
vast majority of cases ... ANKH gene, Incr pyrophosphate ... dihydrate (CPPD ... and/or x-ray - CPPD ... Chondrocalcinosis #Pseudogout #CPPD
Hypophosphatemia and Hypoxia - Pathophysiology

↓ Phosphate leads to ↓ red cell 2,3-DPG and a  reduction
Respiratory muscle ... Phosphate is a cause ... phosphorus is seen in COPD ... It is severe in respiratory ... patients with COPD
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
Hypoxemic Respiratory ... : Decreased respiratory ... of hypoxemic respiratory ... Pneumonia, asthma, COPD ... oxygen #Hypoxemic #Respiratory
Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Definitions
 • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate > 20/min, shallow breathing in adults
 •
• Tachypnea: Respiratory ... • Hyperpnea: Respiratory ... • Asthma • COPD ... PVFM) Cardiac Causes ... Hematologic Causes
Pathogens in Pneumonia

Here is a quick review of the pathogens causing pneumonia (useful for enumerating differentials
your grand rounds/cases ... H. influenzae (COPD ... Pseudomonas — COPD ... , smoking) RESPIRATORY ... #Microbiology #Causes
CPPD vs Gout

== CPPD == 

Think About CPPD When:
 • Self-limited synovitis after surgery/trauma (> 65
CPPD vs Gout ... == CPPD == Think ... About CPPD When ... Pathophysiology: • Pyrophosphate ... Asymptomatic CPPD
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
Vigorous coughing, inspiratory ... whoop; respiratory ... & respiratory failure ... Virus -> Attacks respiratory ... Maternal viremia causes
Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)

Expiratory & Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure
Both increase intrathoracic pressure, which can decrease
In COPD, decreases ... pulmonary edema) • COPD ... patients (ie., CHF or COPD ... • Other acute respiratory ... exacerbation) • Chronic respiratory
Pseudogout Summary - Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease (CPPD)

Pathophysiology:
Pyrophosphate produced by chondrocytes likely precipitates with calcium to
Summary - Calcium Pyrophosphate ... Pathophysiology: Pyrophosphate ... calcium to form CPP ... Chronic calcium pyrophosphate ... #Calcium #Pyrophosphate