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Hyperkalemia shortens repolarization; changes in the T wave provide the earliest clues to hyperpotassemia.
 - At
Hyperkalemia shortens ... repolarization; changes ... to 6.0 mEq/L, rapid ... #EKG #ECG #Changes ... #Progression #Table
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
• Mechanism: Exchanges ... constipation, diarrhea, nausea ... ); nausea, vomiting ... #pharmacology #table ... #comparison #binders
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... reabsorption) Workup ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... K-Binding Resins - Exchanges
Medications for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia
The goals of acute treatment are to prevent potentially life-threatening cardiac
the Treatment of Hyperkalemia ... , changes on ECG ... 6.5 mEq per L), rapid-onset ... Figure 3 is an algorithm ... , and Table 3 summarizes
Intraoperative Anaphylaxis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
• Unexplained hypotension
• Unexplained bronchospasm (wheeze may be absent
arrest where other causes ... • Change to inhalational ... adrenaline. ❽ Give rapid ... as patient is stable ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... similar, positively charged ... Rapid tumor lysis ... High #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
Evaluation and Management of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia is often asymptomatic. Evaluation begins with a search for warning signs
Hypokalemia is ... palpitations, changes ... mmol per L]), rapid-onset ... Most cases of hypokalemia-induced ... #Evaluation #Algorithm
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies

Neutropenic fever:
- Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
full infectious work-up ... days → add fungal work-up ... Treat underlying cause ... plasmapheresis Hypercalcemia ... Calcitonin (rapid