548 results
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
IgM) • Blood smear ... - RBC agglutination ... red blood cells (RBCs ... complement to the RBCs ... passage of red-brown urine
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key

- Squamous Epithelial Casts
- Transitional Epithelial Cells
- Renal Tubular
Urine Microscopy ... - Monomorphic RBCs ... - Dysmorphic RBCs ... - WBC Cast - RBC ... JoseTesser) #Urine
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Urinalysis >3 RBCs ... Symptoms of UTI, urine ... WBCs, or urine ... → Urine culture ... (proteinuria, RBC
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
/ Normochromic RBCs ... on Smear • Chronic ... TIBC, Hypochromic RBCs ... Decreased RBC ... Spherocytes on Smear
Plasmodium Falciparum Blood Smear.
Key features suggesting Plasmodium falciparum:
- extreme parasitemia
- normocytic RBCs (vivax, ovale prefer big
Falciparum Blood Smear ... parasitemia - normocytic RBCs ... multiples per RBC ... rare in blood smears ... Falciparum #Blood #Smear
Red cell autoagglutination is the process whereby red cells clump together forming aggregates. This is seen
red blood cells (RBCs ... serum due to the RBCs ... #Path #Blood #Smear ... #Microscopy #RBC
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
glomerular hematuria (RBC ... or dysmorphic RBCs ... in urine)?
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased WBCs
 - Decreased/NormaI
Normal/lncreased WBCs ... Macrocytes, Normal RBCs ... Polychromatic Macrocytes, RBC ... Spherocytes, RBC ... ) - Abnormal RBCs
Red cell autoagglutination is the process whereby red cells clump together forming aggregates. This is seen
red blood cells (RBCs ... serum due to the RBCs ... #Path #Blood #Smear ... #Microscopy #RBC
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Normal Blood Smear ... Neutrophils - Low RBC ... Pernicious Anemia RBCs ... Cells, Normal WBCs