40 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... • nephrotic syndrome ... renal failure #Hypernatremia ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
True Hyponatremia ... and hypervolemic hyponatremia ... in euvolemic hyponatremia ... kidney_boy #True #Hyponatremia ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia ... irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia, Low
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - ... Extrarenal Hypernatremia ... • Euvolemic (Low ... Ingestion Renal Hypernatremia ... MatthewHoMD #Hypernatremia
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Tea and Toast Syndrome ... Beer Potomania - Low ... thecurbsiders #Hyponatremia ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Uric Acid - Low ... Rachel Stern MD #Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... SatyaPatelMD #Volume #Hyponatremia ... #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1° HPT
- 1° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
Hypophosphatemia ... , TIO, Fanconi Syndrome ... Zalman Agus #Hypophosphatemia ... #phosphorus #low ... #differential #nephrology
Cancer agents and Electrolyte Disorders
 • Hypocalcemia: Cisplatin from Low Mg, Cetuximab- due to low Mg
Axitinib,
Cisplatin from Low ... Regorafenib • Hypophosphatemia ... Ifosfamide - Fanconi syndrome ... Trastuzumab • Hyponatremia ... Ifosfamide - Fanconi syndrome
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... @NephroMD #hyponatremia ... algorithm #causes #nephrology