2743 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Proximal and distal RTA ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... potassium #low #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
excess, Liddle syndrome ... • Proximal RTA ... • Distal RTA ... , Gitelman syndrome ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... acidosis: Proximal RTA ... , Distal RTA, DKA ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
reabsorption • RTA ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Acid: Lesch-Nyhan syndrome ... Tubular Acidosis (RTA ... ), Bartter Syndrome ... type 1-4, Lowe Syndrome ... Stones #pediatrics #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... • Gitelman's syndrome ... tubular acidosis (RTA ... • Bartter syndrome ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Tumor lysis syndrome ... SLE • Type IV RTA ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Tumor lysis syndrome ... SLE • Type IV RTA ... potassium #high #nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Hyperkalemic Type 4 RTA
 • Hypokalemic Type 1 RTA
Hyperkalemic Type 4 RTA ... Hypokalemic Type 1 RTA ... • RTA of renal ... Proximal Type 2 RTA ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Diagnosis and Management
 • Distal (type 1) RTA
 • Proximal (type 2)
Tubular Acidosis (RTA ... Distal (type 1) RTA ... Proximal (type 2) RTA ... #rta #Renal #Tubular ... Diagnosis #Management #nephrology