11 results
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
with previously stable ... hypertension and signs ... papilledema, heart failure ... or acute kidney injury ... renal bruit or signs
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... insufficiency/Failure ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... insufficiency/Failure ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, rhabdo/crush injury ... - Renal Failure ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... Definitive in ESRD or failure
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
congestive heart failure ... congestive heart failure ... congestive heart failure ... congestive heart failure ... congestive heart failure
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
pathognomonic signs ... embolism +++, Heart failure ... embolism +, Heart failure ... in up to 30% of cases ... Marantic #diagnosis #table
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... perfusion (Heart failure ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
sweat Heat Injury ... AKI - Liver failure ... → Syncope • Signs ... damage (AKI, Liver injury ... Hypocalcemia - Hyperkalemia
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia ... possibly renal failure ... symptoms are not caused ... Self-limiting, chronic but stable ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
Decompensated Heart Failure ... Signs of congestion ... the determined cause ... cardiology #treatment #table ... heartfailure #chf #criticalcare