12 results
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... insufficiency/Failure ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... intoxication - Hyperkalemic ... Rhabdomyolysis/crush injury ... excretion - Renal failure ... #Causes #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... insufficiency/Failure ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
oxoproline) • Renal failure ... Hypokalemia ... Hyperkalemia ... Potassium-sparing ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, rhabdo/crush injury ... - Renal Failure ... only if no clear cause ... Definitive in ESRD or failure ... Management #Treatment #potassium
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
papilledema, heart failure ... , neurologic disturbance ... or acute kidney injury ... disorders including hypokalemia ... Neurologic disorders
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Loss of sodium/Potassium ... sweat Heat Injury ... AKI - Liver failure ... damage (AKI, Liver injury ... Hypocalcemia - Hyperkalemia
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... neuromuscular injury ... Congestive heart failure ... oliguric kidney injury ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium
Adie’s Tonic Pupil on Physical Exam

A young female was referred in for a sudden onset anisocoria.
In this case, the ... Failure of the pupil ... anisocoria #clinical #video ... ophthalmology #physicalexam ... #neurology
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
hypoTN, renal failure ... Causes purpura & ... Related Acute Lung Injury ... Hypocalcemia, Hyperkalemia ... products contain potassium