168 results
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Hypoaldosteronism (Low ... Renin, Low Aldosterone ... , Low Aldosterone ... Aldosterone #Comparison #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tumor Low Renin ... Renin, Low Aldosterone ... #Causes
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
inhibitors Other causes ... - SLE High Renin ... Ketoconazole Low ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm ... #differential #causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , NGT suction, Low ... tumor • Low PRA ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hyperaldosteronism - Etiologies of Mineralocorticoid Excess

Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Normal or Low Renin, High Aldosterone) 
 - Aldosterone-secreting
Hyperaldosteronism (Normal or Low ... Pseudohyperaldosteronism (Normal or Low ... Renin, Normal or ... Low Aldosterone ... Aldosterone #Comparison #Table
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Renovascular HTN, Renin ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... consumption • Low ... potassium #nephrology #low
Secondary causes of Hypertension
 • Medications, Drugs, Chemo: NSAIDS, Steroids, CNI, Alcohol, Cocaine, OCP, Licorice, MAOI,
Secondary causes ... Hyperaldosternism (low ... Other Endocrine causes ... tumor • Other low ... renin HTN causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... renovascular HT, Renin-secreting ... tumor • Low Al ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes
Internal Jugular Vein Rouleaux Flow on POCUS

Amazing video of a dilated IJV showing Rouleaux flow. Whenever
on POCUS Amazing ... significantly, it causes ... echogenic as in this case ... for underlying cause ... Jugular #IJ #Vein #POCUS