4004 results
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 

Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e.  increased
• stored red ... Dissociation #Curve #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #Causes
Hemolysis in Hereditary Spherocytosis. Panel A shows the structure of a normal red cell and a
structure of a normal red ... deficiencies that cause ... Panel B shows the red ... spleen in which red ... #Pathophysiology
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
plasma and some red ... epilepticus • Pathophysiology ... Pulmonary Edema: • Pathophysiology ... The predominant pathophysiologic ... • Pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... reflex appearing red-brown ... BRB breakdown causes ... disc arterioles causes ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
Scaring alopecia • Red ... hair follicles -> causes ... Manifestations #pathophysiology
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
present with a red ... • Significant cause ... most frequent cause ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology
Hypophosphatemia and Hypoxia - Pathophysiology

↓ Phosphate leads to ↓ red cell 2,3-DPG and a  reduction
and Hypoxia - Pathophysiology ... Phosphate leads to ↓ red ... Phosphate leads to a ↓ red ... Phosphate is a cause ... respiratory #hypoxia #pathophysiology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
pallor -> Cherry-red ... retinal edema caused ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
contributes to red-cell ... , or any other cause ... weeks #Scurvy #Pathophysiology ... #AscorbicAcid #Pathophysiology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Rash: • Small red ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... Hyperventilation, Dizziness, Nausea ... differential #diagnosis #causes