16 results
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... Tuberculosis: can cause ... Lung cancer • Renal ... addisons #disease #endocrinology
Shock Classification Types - Pathophysiology Comparison

Obstructive Shock:
 • Obstructive shock is characterized by a blockage in
Shock Classification ... Pathophysiology Comparison ... in blood flow caused ... internal or external fluid ... leading to organ failure
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
patient has severe symptoms ... volume • Offer Fluid ... all • Heart Failure ... SIADH — look for cause ... considerations: Addison's, Renal
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
papilledema, heart failure ... eg, presence of renal ... : Renal artery stenosis ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Renal parenchymal
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... patient has good renal ... Treating DKA: 1) +++ fluids ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
into the left renal ... Effect: The left renal ... blood in left renal ... Secondary: - Renal ... valve leaflet failure
Biphasic Illness of Leptospirosis
Some patients do not progress to severe disease. Others, rapidly develop severe disease
brief interval symptom ... rash • Others: nausea ... Weil's disease (renal ... and multi-organ failure ... Diagnosis #Illness #Signs
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... Hypertension - Renal ... ischemia - Heart failure ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
contribution of liver or renal ... treatments include fluid ... deficiency - Renal ... lactate production Renal ... #typea #typeb #classification
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
, and possibly renal ... failure Clinical ... patients have no symptoms ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs ... #Symptoms