18 results
Fungal Biomarkers: Beta-D-Glucan and Aspergillus Galactomannan
Beta-D-Glucan:
 • Polysaccharide cell wall component of many fungi
 • Pathogens:
invasive fungal infection ... cut-offs defined in clinical ... BAL GM does not differentiate ... - Frozen ice-pops ... Galactomannan #diagnosis
Generalized Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework
"l feel weak":
 • Infectious: Influenza, EBV, PNA, Bacteremia, Sepsis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... : Influenza, EBV ... Rhabdomyolysis, Critical ... #Diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
granulomatosis: • EBV-associated ... cryptococcus, and aspergillus ... Lesions #Brain #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
accumulation of clinical ... Assessment • Clinical ... +++: Virus (EBV, ... biologics (CMV +++, EBV ... of emergency, ICU
1,3-Beta-D-Glucan and Galactomannan Testing Sensitivity Specificity and False Positives
1,3-Beta-D-Glucan
 • Cell wall component of many fungi
cut-offs defined in clinical ... surfaces, Albumin, Infections ... >90% (In most clinical ... in BAL does not differentiate ... Penicillium), Frozen ice-pops
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
Cryptococcus Neoformans, Aspergillus ... : Secondary to infections ... (HPV, EBV), Renal ... Renal #Transplant #differential ... #diagnosis #kidney
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Proteinuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Glomerular Proteinuria (Positive ... proliferative • Anti-GBM ... HSP • Post-infectious
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Diagnosis for Pulmonary ... : - ANCA-positive ... allopurinol), Infection ... anti-ANCA ab, anti-GBM ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Rhombencephalitis
BACTERIAL
- Listeria (biphasic illness with bulbar dysfunction occurring later)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Pneumococcus
- Brucella
- Borrelia (Lyme Disease)
-
Viruses (HSV, EBV ... Influenza A FUNGAL - Aspergillus ... Miller-Fisher GBS; Positive ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Neurology
Creatine Kinase - Causes of Elevated CK Levels
Acute CK Elevation (Pain > Weakness):
 • RHABDOMYOLYSIS
(COVID19, CMV/EBV ... immobility • Critical ... Illness Myopathy (ICU ... #Elevated #CK #differential ... #diagnosis #rhabdomyolysis